Paris Orly Airport, one of France’s most important air travel hubs, holds a storied past that mirrors the evolution of global aviation and France’s own economic and geopolitical developments. Situated approximately 13 kilometers south of central Paris, Orly has long served as a vital gateway for domestic and international travelers. From its early military origins to its current role as a major commercial airport, the journey of Paris Orly Airport reflects both technological progress and cultural transformation.
Origins: A Military Beginning
The history of Paris Orly Airport dates back to the early 20th century. In 1932, the French government established the site as a secondary airfield to Le Bourget Airport, which was the primary airport serving Paris at the time. Originally known as Villeneuve-Orly Airport, it was primarily used for military purposes. During World War II, the airport was seized by German forces and utilized by the Luftwaffe. Later, it became a base for the U.S. Army Air Forces after liberation in 1944, underscoring its strategic importance.
Post-War Transformation and Commercial Rise
Following the war, Orly underwent significant reconstruction and development. By the late 1940s and into the 1950s, it was transformed into a commercial airport, gradually assuming a larger role in France’s civil aviation network. In 1946, Air France began operating flights from Orly, marking the start of its use for civilian air travel.
The 1950s and 1960s were a golden era for the airport. Orly became the primary airport for international flights out of Paris, surpassing Le Bourget. During this time, several iconic terminals were built, and the airport became a symbol of French post-war modernity. The terminal architecture, infused with mid-century elegance, was showcased to millions of travelers and visitors alike.
Cultural Icon of the 1960s
Orly wasn’t just an airport; it was a cultural icon in 1960s France. Locals would often visit simply to watch airplanes take off and land, a popular weekend activity. The airport was even immortalized in art and film. Chris Marker’s 1962 experimental film La Jetée, a major influence on science fiction cinema, was famously set in Orly. The airport symbolized the allure of travel, the promise of modernity, and the tension of Cold War-era dislocation.
Shifts and Competition: The Rise of Charles de Gaulle
Despite its dominance, the landscape of French aviation changed in 1974 with the opening of Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG) in Roissy, northeast of Paris. CDG quickly assumed the role of Paris’s primary international airport, particularly for long-haul flights. Orly, in turn, shifted focus toward domestic flights, European destinations, and connections to French overseas territories.
This transition marked a turning point in Orly’s history. While no longer the primary hub for international travel, it continued to play a crucial role in France’s aviation infrastructure, particularly for low-cost carriers and short-to-medium haul routes.
Modernization and Expansion
Throughout the 21st century, Paris Orly Airport has undergone significant modernization to remain competitive and efficient. Major redevelopment projects have included the unification of its South and West terminals into a single terminal building, which was completed in 2019. These updates improved passenger flow, enhanced security features, and added retail and dining options.
In addition, Orly has focused on environmental sustainability. In line with broader EU goals, the airport has made efforts to reduce carbon emissions and invest in greener technologies, including electric vehicles and more efficient energy systems.
Paris Orly Today
Today, Paris Orly Airport serves over 30 million passengers annually and remains the second-busiest airport in France after Charles de Gaulle. It continues to be a hub for airlines such as Air France, Transavia France, and Corsair International. Its strategic location makes it especially popular for flights to Southern Europe, North Africa, and France’s overseas departments.
The airport also plays an essential role during special events, such as international summits or major sporting events, providing crucial support to CDG and helping distribute air traffic.
Conclusion
The history of Paris Orly Airport is a tale of transformation—from a wartime airfield to a symbol of post-war modernity, and from a leading international gateway to a vital part of France’s domestic and regional air network. With ongoing modernization and a commitment to sustainability, Orly continues to adapt to the needs of 21st-century air travel while honoring its rich and dynamic past.
As the world of aviation continues to evolve, so too will Paris Orly Airport—remaining a key player in connecting France to the world.
